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- <text id=94TT0112>
- <title>
- Jan. 31, 1994: Interview:Jeffrey Sachs
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Jan. 31, 1994 California:State of Shock
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- RUSSIA, Page 90
- "They Are Going To Pursue Dangerous Policies"
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>George M. Taber, Jeffrey Sachs
- </p>
- <p> Last week Harvard economist Jeffrey Sachs resigned as adviser
- to the Russian government. On Friday he spoke with TIME's George
- M. Taber.
- </p>
- <p> TIME: Why did you quit?
- </p>
- <p> Sachs: Because I think the new government is going to pursue
- incorrect and even dangerous policies. The communist Old Guard
- has essentially retaken almost all the major power positions.
- That made it impossible to continue.
- </p>
- <p> TIME: Dangerous in what way?
- </p>
- <p> Sachs: Russia has been living on the edge of hyperinflation
- for two years. The most urgent task of reform has been to create
- an atmosphere of monetary stability. Inflation could get completely
- out of control and create profound social and political instability.
- The reformers struggling against this have faced intense resistance
- from the communist Old Guard, who have been pressing for enormous
- loans--gifts, really--to the military-industrial complex
- and to state farms. A lot of these loans are pure corruption.
- Others are attempts to keep alive money-losing parts of the
- economy. While the reformers succeeded in keeping the country
- away from hyperinflation, they have not been able to achieve
- monetary stability. Russia today has an inflation rate of 10%
- to 20% a month, but that is likely to go up significantly.
- </p>
- <p> TIME: Is Russia on the brink of hyperinflation?
- </p>
- <p> Sachs: Hyperinflation is not an act of nature. It is a result
- of government policies. So it depends on what the government
- does. But the people who have been fighting to stop the rampant
- printing of money are gone. The people who are now in power
- have very little self-control. The central-bank governor is
- a huge fan of the rapid printing of money. The restraints to
- inflation that existed before are gone. In Ukraine, where there
- has been a reform-communist government like this in power for
- two years, the inflation rate is 100% a month.
- </p>
- <p> TIME: Shock therapy has been criticized for being too much shock
- and not enough therapy.
- </p>
- <p> Sachs: There was no shock therapy in Russia. The reformers advocated
- it, but they never had the political power to implement it.
- The economic pain has been caused not by shock therapy but by
- a combination of three other things. First, the pain of communism's
- collapse, which was there well before the reformers. Second,
- the incredible inconsistency of policy because reformers have
- been battling conservatives for two years and have been unable
- to implement a strong reform program. Third, Western help never
- came and never helped cushion the change. [U.S. Deputy Secretary
- of State] Strobe Talbott did a terrible disservice to the reformers
- with his glib quip that there had been too much shock and not
- enough therapy. That was not U.S. policy, but boy, did it hurt
- Russian reformers badly.
- </p>
- <p> TIME: A lot of reform is already in place. Can that be undone?
- </p>
- <p> Sachs: Russia will not go back to central planning, but there
- is no guarantee that they will go forward to a working market
- economy. They're midway. The current is very fast in the middle
- of the river, and things could still get swept away in chaos.
- With a half-reform economy, huge budget deficits, corrupt lobbying
- groups, you could get rampant inflation. That could produce
- rampant political polarization and eventually a breakdown of
- the very fragile democracy.
- </p>
- <p> TIME: What should the West do?
- </p>
- <p> Sachs: We blew it in the past two years, when there were reformers
- in key positions. We withheld aid without realizing that it
- could have given them tremendous tactical support. We should
- continue grass-roots programs like student exchanges and technical
- assistance. But the large-scale aid, which should have been
- given before, is now likely to be wasted.
- </p>
- <p> TIME: Is shock therapy dead?
- </p>
- <p> Sachs: In countries that have undertaken real reforms, they
- are working. If you look at countries like Poland, the Czech
- Republic, Estonia or Latvia, inflation has been nearly eliminated
- and growth has been restored. Whether it is a left-of-center
- government, as in Poland, or right-of-center government, as
- in the Czech Republic, they are all following the same policy
- of privatization, open trade and integration with Europe. The
- policies work. There are lots of experiments going on. The successful
- countries uniformly are the ones undertaking strong reforms.
- The countries that are falling far behind or into chaos are
- the ones that have failed to take strong reform measures.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
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